ABSTRACT
El análisis de los movimientos oculares permite diagnosticar enfermedades neurodegenerativas, neuropsiquiátricas y neurooftalmológicas, entre otras, que afectan el desempeño social del individuo. En este análisis ha tomado auge mundial el empleo de la videoculografía, por su simplicidad estructural, exactitud y factibilidad económica a largo plazo. Al respecto, el objetivo de la actual investigación fue desarrollar y evaluar un sistema de estimulación visual y registro de los movimientos oculares. El sistema en cuestión permitió obtener imágenes oculares con buena resolución (2 megapíxeles), nitidez y contraste que facilitaron su posterior procesamiento. De igual modo, las pruebas de estimulación mediante el uso de patrones sacádicos con amplitudes entre 30º y 60º a la frecuencia de 0,5 Hz permitieron obtener con suficiente calidad las imágenes registradas y verificar que los movimientos oculares del centro de la pupila siguen fielmente a dichos patrones.
The analysis of eye movements allows to diagnose neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and neuroophthalmologic diseases, among other that affect the individual social performance. In this analysis the use of videoculography is gaining in importance worldwide, due to its structural simplicity, precision and long term economic feasibility. In this respect, the objective of this investigation was to develop and evaluate a system of visual stimulation and record of the eye movements. The system in question allowed to obtain ocular images with good resolution (2 megapixels), clarity and contrast that facilitated its later processing. In a same way, the tests of stimulation by means of the sacadic patterns use with amplitudes between 30º and 60º to the 0,5Hz frequency allowed to obtain with enough quality the images recorded and to verify that the eye movements of the pupil center follow these patterns very closely.
Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Eye Movement Measurements , Spectrophotometry, InfraredABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Few studies have used eye tracking as a screening tool for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preterm infants. Objectives To evaluate fixation time on social and non-social figures and percentage of preterm babies who gazed at the images. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 31 preterm infants born weighing ≤ 2,000 g in which eye gaze was evaluated at 6 months of corrected age. Six boards with social and non-social figures were projected on a computer screen, successively, evaluating time and percentage of preterm babies who gazed at each board. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) was answered at 18 months of corrected age. Results Preterm infants showed longer visual fixation time on social figures compared with non-social images, regardless of the position of the social figure on the board. Similar percentages of preterm infants gazed either at social or non-social figures, at social figures with a direct or an indirect look, and at the eyes or mouth of the social figures. No preterm infant screened positive on the M-CHAT. Conclusion At 6 months of corrected age, preterm infants show the ability to gaze in an eye-tracking test, with preference for social figures, suggesting that this tool could be useful as another screening instrument for ASD.
Resumo Introdução Poucos estudos utilizaram a varredura visual como ferramenta para rastreamento de transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) em bebês prematuros. Objetivos Avaliar bebês prematuros quanto ao o tempo de fixação de olhar em figuras sociais e não sociais e a porcentagem deles que olharam para as imagens. Métodos Este estudo transversal incluiu 31 bebês prematuros com ≤ 2.000 g ao nascer, cujo rastreamento visual foi avaliado aos 6 meses de idade corrigida. Seis pranchas com figuras sociais e não sociais foram projetadas em tela de computador, sucessivamente, avaliando-se o tempo e porcentagem de prematuros que olharam para cada prancha. O Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) foi respondido aos 18 meses de idade corrigida. Resultados Os bebês prematuros apresentaram maior tempo de fixação visual em figuras sociais do que não sociais, independentemente da posição da figura social na prancha. Porcentagens similares de prematuros olharam tanto para figuras sociais como para não sociais, para figuras sociais com olhar direto ou indireto, e para boca ou olhos das figuras sociais. Nenhum prematuro foi rastreado positivamente pelo M-CHAT. Conclusão Aos 6 meses de idade corrigida, prematuros apresentaram habilidade para varredura em teste de rastreamento visual, com preferência por figuras sociais, sugerindo que esta ferramenta pode ser útil como mais um instrumento para rastreamento de TEA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Adult , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Tests/methods , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Premature , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eye Movement Measurements , Checklist , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosisABSTRACT
Los meningiomas de nervio óptico y de seno cavernoso son patologías poco frecuentes, y hasta el momento no ha habido ningún reporte de que se presenten ambos en un mismo paciente. Cabe resaltar que cuando llega un paciente a consulta diagnosticado con alguna patología, asumimos que este diagnóstico es adecuado y pertinente. Pero en nuestro caso, el paciente presentó signos y síntomas de etiología desconocida que hicieron que se re-evaluarán los diagnósticos oftalmológicos que traía la paciente, encontrando que había sido tratada por un diagnóstico que no le correspondía y a su vez este hallazgo nos ayudó a encontrar la verdadera causa(AU)
Optic nerve and cavernous sinus meningiomas are uncommon pathologies, and so far there have not been previously reported to occur in the same patient. It should be emphasized that when a patient arrives at a doctor's office diagnosed with pathology, we assume that this diagnosis is appropriate and pertinent. But in our case, the patient presented signs and symptoms of unknown etiology that led to a re-evaluation of the previous ophthalmological diagnoses that the patient brought, finding that she had been treated for a diagnosis that did not match with all her clinical sign and symptoms and this helped us to find the real cause(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cavernous Sinus/pathology , Optic Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningioma/diagnosis , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Cavernous Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Eye Movement Measurements , Fundus OculiABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the difference of eye movement characteristics between uncooperative and cooperative subjects with mental disorder after cerebral trauma.@*METHODS@#Thirty-nine subjects which needed psychiatric impairment assessment were selected. According to the binomial forced-choice digit memory test （BFDMT）, all subjects were divided into cooperative and uncooperative groups. The subjects were asked to take the image completion test from Wechsler adult intelligence scale. Meanwhile, the data of eye movement track, fixation, saccade, pupil and blink were recorded by the track system of eye movement.@*RESULTS@#There were significantly differences （P<0.05） in the data of saccade between cooperative （10 cases） and uncooperative groups （29 cases）. The frequency, time, amplitude, acceleration of saccadic in uncooperative group were significantly higher than cooperation group. The saccade latencies of cooperation group increased more than uncooperative group. There was a significant difference （P<0.05） in total discrete distance, average distance and total time of fixation between two groups, while the average duration time, number and frequency of fixation had no significantly difference （P>0.05） between two groups. And the blink frequency of cooperation group was higher than uncooperative group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Eye movement can be an objective index for the primary judgment of cooperation level.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Eye Movement Measurements , Eye Movements/physiology , Intelligence Tests , Saccades/physiology , Wechsler ScalesABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 18 colaboradores cubanos diagnosticados con dengue en el municipio venezolano de Bolívar, desde mayo del 2008 hasta igual periodo del 2011, con vistas a caracterizarles según variables clinicoepidemiológicas de interés, entre las cuales figuraron: edad, sexo y síntomas clínicos. Para el procesamiento y análisis de los resultados se utilizó el paquete estadístico Epi Info (versión 6.04). En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 42-52 años (38,9 %), el sexo masculino (66,7 %); en tanto, la fiebre (100,0 %), el dolor retroorbitario, los movimientos oculares (83,3 %), y las artralgias con mialgias (77,8 %) fueron los síntomas clínicos más frecuentes. La evolución favorable en la mayoría de los pacientes puso de manifiesto la necesidad de un control epidemiológico de esta afección para disminuir su incidencia entre los colaboradores cubanos en el exterior.
A descriptive and retrospective study of 18 Cuban collaborators diagnosed with dengue in the Venezuelan municipality of Bolívar was carried out from May, 2008 to the same period of 2011, with the aim of characterizing them according to clinical and epidemiological variables of interest, among which there were: age, sex and clinical symptoms. For the prosessing and analysis of the results, the statistical package Epi Info was used (version 6.04). In the series the age group 42-52 years (38.9%), the male sex (66.7%) prevailed; while fever (100,0%), the retroorbitary pain, the ocular movements (83.3%) and the artralgias with myalgia (77.8%) were the most frequent clinical symptoms. The favorable clinical course in most of the patients showed the necessity of an epidemiological control of this disorder to decrease its incidence among the Cuban collaborators abroad.
Subject(s)
Dengue , Fever , Venezuela , Eye Movement MeasurementsABSTRACT
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo utilizar o rastreamento ocular como parte da avaliação neuropsicológica em crianças e jovens com TID. Foram avaliadas 10 crianças e jovens com diagnóstico clínico de TID, idade média 11,9 (DP=3,22). Todas as crianças foram pareadas por idade e sexo com um grupo controle. Avaliou-se a inteligência com o WISC III e o rastreamento ocular com Tarefa de Sacada Preditiva (SP) e Tarefa de Anti-Sacada (AS). Encontraram-se diferenças significativas para acertos, erros e latência para Tarefa SP; e erros seguidos de acerto para Tarefa AS. Resultados indicam falta de regulação da atenção voluntária, dificuldade em inibir um comportamento e direcioná-lo ao objetivo proposto na tarefa, alteração no planejamento de ação e dificuldade para iniciação de resposta no grupo TID. Todas as alterações encontradas corroboram dados da literatura. Conclui-se que a avaliação dos movimentos oculares contribui para a avaliação neuropsicológica, assim como para intervenções eficazes nos TID.
The objective of the present study is to use eye tracking in neuropsychological assessment of PDD children and adolescents. Ten clinically diagnosed PDD children and adolescents, mean age 11,9 (SD=3,22), were assessed. All children were pared by age and gender with a control group. The WISC III was used to assess intelligence and the eye movements parameters were assessed with Predictive Saccade Task (SP) and Anti-Saccade Task (AS). Significant differences between groups were found in the eye tracking tasks accuracy, errors and latency in the SP Task; and errors followed by correct responses in the AS Task. Results show lack on voluntary attention regulation, response inhibition, planning, and response initiation on the PDD group. All the differences corroborate previous literature. In conclusion, the assessment of eye movements in PDD children contributes to neuropsychological assessment, as well as to development of efficient interventions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Executive Function , Eye Movement Measurements , Neuropsychology , Asperger Syndrome/psychology , Autistic Disorder/psychologyABSTRACT
Patients with Parkinson's disease manifest oculomotor abnormalities. This is the consequence of basal ganglia impairment. The most common abnormalities include increased saccade latency, hypometric saccades and decreased saccade velocity. The purpose of this study was comparison of saccadic parameters using videonystagmography in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and normal subjects. In this cross sectional study, saccadic movements were investigated in thirty patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and thirty age matched subjects were 35-70 years old. Saccade latency, velocity and accuracy were quantitatively analyzed. Results of this study indicated increased saccade latency, reduction of saccade velocity and accuracy in patients with Parkinson's disease [P<0.001]. This study showed that patients with Parkinson's disease manifest saccadic deficits. This suggests dopaminergic control of these ocular movements